NAME
    BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

SYNTAX
     busybox <applet> [arguments...]  # or

     <applet> [arguments...]          # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION
    BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
    single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of
    the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The
    utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their
    full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included
    provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
    counterparts.

    BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in
    mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude
    commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize
    your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc,
    and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment
    for any small or embedded system.

    BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
    components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
    'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
    Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.

    After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install
    BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target
    directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when
    configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
    install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
    CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation
    scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed
    in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.

USAGE
    BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
    program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
    That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary
    acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller
    since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share
    code for many common operations.

    You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
    command line. For example, entering

            /bin/busybox ls

    will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

    Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So
    most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.

    For example, entering

            ln -s /bin/busybox ls
            ./ls

    will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
    compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
    make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
    for you when you run the 'make install' command.

    If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list
    of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.

COMMON OPTIONS
    Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
    runtime description of their behavior. If the
    CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
    usage information will also be available.

COMMANDS
    Currently available applets include:

            [, [[, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash, awk, basename, bbconfig,
            blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, catv, chattr, chgrp,
            chmod, chown, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio,
            cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, depmod, devmem, df, diff,
            dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap, echo, ed, egrep, env,
            envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, false, fdisk, fgrep,
            find, findfs, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, ftpget,
            ftpput, fuser, getopt, grep, gunzip, gzip, hd, head, hexdump,
            hostid, hush, id, ifconfig, insmod, install, ionice, ip, ipaddr,
            ipcalc, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall,
            killall5, length, less, linux32, linux64, ln, loadfont, loadkmap,
            logname, losetup, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lspci, lsusb, lzmacat,
            makedevs, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs,
            mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkswap, mktemp,
            modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice,
            nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od, openvt, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping,
            pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pwd,
            rdate, rdev, readlink, readprofile, realpath, renice, reset, resize,
            rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rtcwake, rx, script, sed, seq, setarch,
            setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid, setuidgid, sh,
            sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, softlimit,
            sort, split, stat, strings, stty, sum, swapoff, swapon, switch_root,
            sync, sysctl, tac, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp, time,
            timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, ttysize, tune2fs,
            umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unzip,
            uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, watch, watchdog,
            wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat

COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
    adjtimex
        adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t tick]

        Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2).

        Options:

                -q              Quiet
                -o offset       Time offset, microseconds
                -f frequency    Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
                                (positive values make clock run faster)
                -t tick         Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
                -p timeconstant

    ar  ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES

        Extract or list FILES from an ar archive

        Options:

                -o      Preserve original dates
                -p      Extract to stdout
                -t      List
                -x      Extract
                -v      Verbose

    arp arp [-vn] [-H type] [-i if] -a [hostname] [-v] [-i if] -d hostname
        [pub] [-v] [-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [temp] [-v] [-H
        type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub [-v] [-H type]
        [-i if] -Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub

        Manipulate ARP cache

        Options:

                -a              Display (all) hosts
                -s              Set new ARP entry
                -d              Delete a specified entry
                -v              Verbose
                -n              Don't resolve names
                -i IF           Network interface
                -D              Read <hwaddr> from given device
                -A, -p AF       Protocol family
                -H HWTYPE       Hardware address type

    arping
        arping [-fqbDUA] [-c count] [-w timeout] [-I dev] [-s sender] target

        Send ARP requests/replies

        Options:

                -f              Quit on first ARP reply
                -q              Quiet
                -b              Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
                -D              Duplicated address detection mode
                -U              Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
                -A              ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
                -c N            Stop after sending N ARP requests
                -w timeout      Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds
                -I dev          Interface to use (default eth0)
                -s sender       Sender IP address
                target          Target IP address

    awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...

        Options:

                -v VAR=VAL      Set variable
                -F SEP          Use SEP as field separator
                -f FILE         Read program from FILE

    basename
        basename FILE [SUFFIX]

        Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE

    bbconfig
        bbconfig

        Print the config file which built busybox

    blkid
        blkid

        Print UUIDs of all filesystems

    brctl
        brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]

        Manage ethernet bridges

        Commands:

                show                    Show a list of bridges
                addbr BRIDGE            Create BRIDGE
                delbr BRIDGE            Delete BRIDGE
                addif BRIDGE IFACE      Add IFACE to BRIDGE
                delif BRIDGE IFACE      Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
                setageing BRIDGE TIME           Set ageing time
                setfd BRIDGE TIME               Set bridge forward delay
                sethello BRIDGE TIME            Set hello time
                setmaxage BRIDGE TIME           Set max message age
                setpathcost BRIDGE COST         Set path cost
                setportprio BRIDGE PRIO         Set port priority
                setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO       Set bridge priority
                stp BRIDGE [1|0]                STP on/off

    bunzip2
        bunzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]

        Uncompress FILE (or standard input)

        Options:

                -c      Write to standard output
                -f      Force

    bzcat
        bzcat FILE

        Uncompress to stdout

    bzip2
        bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Compress FILEs (or standard input) with bzip2 algorithm.

        Options:

                -c      Write to standard output
                -d      Decompress
                -f      Force
                -1..-9  Compression level

    cal cal [-jy] [[month] year]

        Display a calendar

        Options:

                -j      Use julian dates
                -y      Display the entire year

    cat cat [-u] [FILE]...

        Concatenate FILEs and print them to stdout

        Options:

                -u      Use unbuffered i/o (ignored)

    catv
        catv [-etv] [FILE]...

        Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x

        Options:

                -e      End each line with $
                -t      Show tabs as ^I
                -v      Don't use ^x or M-x escapes

    chattr
        chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v VERSION] [FILE]...

        Change file attributes on an ext2 fs

        Modifiers:

                -       Remove attributes
                +       Add attributes
                =       Set attributes
        Attributes:

                A       Don't track atime
                a       Append mode only
                c       Enable compress
                D       Write dir contents synchronously
                d       Don't backup with dump
                i       Cannot be modified (immutable)
                j       Write all data to journal first
                s       Zero disk storage when deleted
                S       Write file contents synchronously
                t       Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files
                u       Allow file to be undeleted
        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -v      Set the file's version/generation number

    chgrp
        chgrp [-RhLHP]... GROUP FILE...

        Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP

        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
                -L      Traverse all symlinks to directories
                -H      Traverse symlinks on command line only
                -P      Don't traverse symlinks (default)

    chmod
        chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

        Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-=
        and one or more of the letters rwxst

        Options:

                -R      Recurse

    chown
        chown [-RhLHP]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...

        Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP

        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
                -L      Traverse all symlinks to directories
                -H      Traverse symlinks on command line only
                -P      Don't traverse symlinks (default)

    chroot
        chroot NEWROOT [PROG [ARGS]]

        Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT

    chrt
        chrt [OPTIONS] [PRIO] [PID | PROG [ARGS]]

        Manipulate real-time attributes of a process

        Options:

                -p      Operate on PID
                -r      Set SCHED_RR scheduling
                -f      Set SCHED_FIFO scheduling
                -o      Set SCHED_OTHER scheduling
                -m      Show min and max priorities

    chvt
        chvt N

        Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

    cksum
        cksum FILES...

        Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES

    clear
        clear

        Clear screen

    cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2]]

        Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified

        Options:

                -l      Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
                        for all differing bytes
                -s      Quiet

    comm
        comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2

        Compare FILE1 to FILE2, or to stdin if - is specified

        Options:

                -1      Suppress lines unique to FILE1
                -2      Suppress lines unique to FILE2
                -3      Suppress lines common to both files

    cp  cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST

        Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

        Options:

                -a      Same as -dpR
                -R,-r   Recurse
                -d,-P   Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
                -L      Follow all symlinks
                -H      Follow symlinks on command line
                -p      Preserve file attributes if possible
                -f      Force overwrite
                -i      Prompt before overwrite
                -l,-s   Create (sym)links

    cpio
        cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR]

        Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create an archive (-o)
        or copy files (-p) using file list on standard input

        Main operation mode:

                -t      List
                -i      Extract
                -o      Create (requires -H newc)
                -p DIR  Copy files to DIR
        Options:

                -d      Make leading directories
                -m      Preserve mtime
                -v      Verbose
                -u      Overwrite
                -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file
                -H newc Archive format

    cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output

        Options:

                -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
                -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
                -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
                -s      Output only the lines containing delimiter
                -f N    Print only these fields
                -n      Ignored

    date
        date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]

        Display time (using +FMT), or set time

        Options:

                [-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME
                -u,--utc        Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
                -R,--rfc-2822   Output RFC-2822 compliant date string
                -I[SPEC]        Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
                                SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
                                'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
                                time to the indicated precision
                -r,--reference FILE     Display last modification time of FILE
                -d,--date TIME  Display TIME, not 'now'
                -D FMT          Use FMT for -d TIME conversion

        Recognized TIME formats:

                hh:mm[:ss]
                [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
                YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
                [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]

    dc  dc expression...

        Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %,
        mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack (without
        altering the stack), f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and
        set output radix (value must be 10 or 16). Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' ->
        4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16.

    dd  dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
        [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]

        Copy a file with converting and formatting

        Options:

                if=FILE         Read from FILE instead of stdin
                of=FILE         Write to FILE instead of stdout
                bs=N            Read and write N bytes at a time
                ibs=N           Read N bytes at a time
                obs=N           Write N bytes at a time
                count=N         Copy only N input blocks
                skip=N          Skip N input blocks
                seek=N          Skip N output blocks
                conv=notrunc    Don't truncate output file
                conv=noerror    Continue after read errors
                conv=sync       Pad blocks with zeros
                conv=fsync      Physically write data out before finishing

        Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k
        (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G
        (x1073741824)

    deallocvt
        deallocvt [N]

        Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN

    depmod
        depmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -r      Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr
                -v      Verbose

    devmem
        devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]

        Read/write from physical address

                ADDRESS Address to act upon
                WIDTH   Width (8/16/...)
                VALUE   Data to be written

    df  df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM...]

        Print filesystem usage statistics

        Options:

                -P      POSIX output format
                -k      1024-byte blocks (default)
                -m      1M-byte blocks
                -h      Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
                -a      Show all filesystems
                -i      Inodes
                -B SIZE Blocksize

    diff
        diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2

        Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
        This implementation supports unified diffs only.

        Options:

                -a      Treat all files as text
                -b      Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
                -B      Ignore changes whose lines are all blank
                -d      Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
                -i      Ignore case differences
                -L      Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
                -N      Treat absent files as empty
                -q      Output only whether files differ
                -r      Recurse
                -S      Start with FILE when comparing directories
                -T      Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
                -s      Report when two files are the same
                -t      Expand tabs to spaces in output
                -U      Output LINES lines of context
                -w      Ignore all whitespace

    dirname
        dirname FILENAME

        Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME

    dmesg
        dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]

        Print or control the kernel ring buffer

        Options:

                -c              Clear ring buffer after printing
                -n LEVEL        Set console logging level
                -s SIZE         Buffer size

    dos2unix
        dos2unix [OPTIONS] [FILE]

        Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is
        given, use stdin/stdout.

        Options:

                -u      dos2unix
                -d      unix2dos

    du  du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...

        Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space
        is printed in units of 1024 bytes.

        Options:

                -a      Show file sizes too
                -L      Follow all symlinks
                -H      Follow symlinks on command line
                -d N    Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
                -c      Show grand total
                -l      Count sizes many times if hard linked
                -s      Display only a total for each argument
                -x      Skip directories on different filesystems
                -h      Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
                -m      Sizes in megabytes
                -k      Sizes in kilobytes (default)

    dumpkmap
        dumpkmap > keymap

        Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output

    echo
        echo [-neE] [ARG...]

        Print the specified ARGs to stdout

        Options:

                -n      Suppress trailing newline
                -e      Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab)
                -E      Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters

    ed  ed

    env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG [ARGS]]

        Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the
        specified environment

        Options:

                -, -i   Start with an empty environment
                -u      Remove variable from the environment

    envdir
        envdir dir prog args

        Set various environment variables as specified by files in the
        directory dir and run PROG

    envuidgid
        envuidgid account prog args

        Set $UID to account's uid and $GID to account's gid and run PROG

    ether-wake
        ether-wake [-b] [-i iface] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]] MAC

        Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a
        station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known
        'ethers' entry.

        Options:

                -b              Send wake-up packet to the broadcast address
                -i iface        Interface to use (default eth0)
                -p pass         Append four or six byte password PW to the packet

    expand
        expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE|-]

        Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output

        Options:

                -i,--initial    Don't convert tabs after non blanks
                -t,--tabs=N     Tabstops every N chars

    expr
        expr EXPRESSION

        Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output

        EXPRESSION may be:

                ARG1 | ARG2     ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
                ARG1 & ARG2     ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
                ARG1 < ARG2     1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
                ARG1 <= ARG2
                ARG1 = ARG2
                ARG1 != ARG2
                ARG1 >= ARG2
                ARG1 > ARG2
                ARG1 + ARG2     Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
                ARG1 - ARG2
                ARG1 * ARG2
                ARG1 / ARG2
                ARG1 % ARG2
                STRING : REGEXP         Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
                match STRING REGEXP     Same as STRING : REGEXP
                substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
                index STRING CHARS      Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
                length STRING           Length of STRING
                quote TOKEN             Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
                                        it is a keyword like 'match' or an
                                        operator like '/'
                (EXPRESSION)            Value of EXPRESSION

        Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
        Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
        lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
        \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
        of characters matched or 0.

    false
        false

        Return an exit code of FALSE (1)

    fdisk
        fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK

        Change partition table

        Options:

                -u              Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
                -l              Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
                -b 2048         (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
                -C CYLINDERS    Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
                -H HEADS

                -S SECTORS

    find
        find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]

        Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, default
        EXPRESSION is '-print'

        EXPRESSION may consist of:

                -follow         Follow symlinks
                -xdev           Don't descend directories on other filesystems
                -maxdepth N     Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
                                tests/actions to command line arguments only
                -mindepth N     Don't act on first N levels
                -name PATTERN   File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN
                -iname PATTERN  Case insensitive -name
                -path PATTERN   Path matches PATTERN
                -regex PATTERN  Path matches regex PATTERN
                -type X         File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
                -perm NNN       Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),
                                or exactly NNN
                -mtime DAYS     Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                                or exactly N days
                -mmin MINS      Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                                or exactly N minutes
                -newer FILE     Modified time is more recent than FILE's
                -inum N         File has inode number N
                -user NAME      File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed)
                -group NAME     File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed)
                -depth          Process directory name after traversing it
                -size N[bck]    File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)).
                                +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
                -links N        Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                                or exactly N
                -print          Print (default and assumed)
                -print0         Delimit output with null characters rather than
                                newlines
                -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
                                matching files
                -prune          Stop traversing current subtree
                -delete         Delete files, turns on -depth option
                (EXPR)          Group an expression

    findfs
        findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid

        Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID

    fold
        fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]

        Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing
        to standard output

        Options:

                -b      Count bytes rather than columns
                -s      Break at spaces
                -w      Use WIDTH columns instead of 80

    free
        free

        Display the amount of free and used system memory

    freeramdisk
        freeramdisk DEVICE

        Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk

    fsck
        fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C fd] [-t fstype] [fs-options] [filesys...]

        Check and repair filesystems

        Options:

                -A      Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
                -N      Don't execute, just show what would be done
                -P      With -A, check filesystems in parallel
                -R      With -A, skip the root filesystem
                -T      Don't show title on startup
                -V      Verbose
                -C n    Write status information to specified filedescriptor
                -t type List of filesystem types to check

    fsck.minix
        fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name

        Check MINIX filesystem

        Options:

                -l      List all filenames
                -r      Perform interactive repairs
                -a      Perform automatic repairs
                -v      Verbose
                -s      Output superblock information
                -m      Show "mode not cleared" warnings
                -f      Force file system check

    ftpget
        ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE

        Retrieve a remote file via FTP

        Options:

                -c,--continue   Continue previous transfer
                -v,--verbose    Verbose
                -u,--username   Username
                -p,--password   Password
                -P,--port       Port number

    ftpput
        ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE

        Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP

        Options:

                -v,--verbose    Verbose
                -u,--username   Username
                -p,--password   Password
                -P,--port       Port number

    fuser
        fuser [OPTIONS] FILE or PORT/PROTO

        Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs

        Options:

                -m      Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
                -4      Search only IPv4 space
                -6      Search only IPv6 space
                -s      Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found
                -k      Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs)
                -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)

    getopt
        getopt [OPTIONS]

        Options:

                -a,--alternative                Allow long options starting with single -
                -l,--longoptions=longopts       Long options to be recognized
                -n,--name=progname              The name under which errors are reported
                -o,--options=optstring          Short options to be recognized
                -q,--quiet                      Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
                -Q,--quiet-output               No normal output
                -s,--shell=shell                Set shell quoting conventions
                -T,--test                       Test for getopt(1) version
                -u,--unquoted                   Don't quote the output

    grep
        grep [-HhrilLnqvsoeFEABC] PATTERN [FILE]...

        Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input

        Options:

                -H      Prefix output lines with filename where match was found
                -h      Suppress the prefixing filename on output
                -r      Recurse
                -i      Ignore case distinctions
                -l      List names of files that match
                -L      List names of files that don't match
                -n      Print line number with output lines
                -q      Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
                -v      Select non-matching lines
                -s      Suppress file open/read error messages
                -c      Only print count of matching lines
                -o      Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN
                -m N    Match up to N times per file
                -F      PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings
                -E      PATTERN is an extended regular expression
                -e PTRN Pattern to match
                -f FILE Read pattern from file
                -A N    Print N lines of trailing context
                -B N    Print N lines of leading context
                -C N    Print N lines of output context

    gunzip
        gunzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)

        Options:

                -c      Write to standard output
                -f      Force
                -t      Test file integrity

    gzip
        gzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Compress FILEs (or standard input)

        Options:

                -c      Write to standard output
                -d      Decompress
                -f      Force

    hd  hd FILE...

        hd is an alias for hexdump -C

    head
        head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or standard input) to standard
        output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving
        the file name.

        Options:

                -n N    Print first N lines instead of first 10
                -c N    Output the first N bytes
                -q      Never output headers giving file names
                -v      Always output headers giving file names

    hexdump
        hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] FILE...

        Display FILEs or standard input in a user specified format

        Options:

                -b              One-byte octal display
                -c              One-byte character display
                -C              Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
                -d              Two-byte decimal display
                -e FORMAT STRING
                -f FORMAT FILE
                -n LENGTH       Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
                -o              Two-byte octal display
                -s OFFSET       Skip OFFSET bytes
                -v              Display all input data
                -x              Two-byte hexadecimal display
                -R              Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'

    hostid
        hostid

        Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine

    id  id [OPTIONS] [USER]

        Print information about USER or the current user

        Options:

                -u      Print user ID
                -g      Print group ID
                -G      Print supplementary group IDs
                -n      Print name instead of a number
                -r      Print real user ID instead of effective ID

    ifconfig
        ifconfig [-a] interface [address]

        Configure a network interface

        Options:

                [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
                [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
                [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
                [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
                [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
                [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
                [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
                [up|down] ...

    insmod
        insmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -r      Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr
                -v      Verbose

    install
        install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [source]
        dest|directory

        Copy files and set attributes

        Options:

                -c      Just copy (default)
                -d      Create directories
                -D      Create leading target directories
                -s      Strip symbol table
                -p      Preserve date
                -o USER Set ownership
                -g GRP  Set group ownership
                -m MODE Set permissions

    ionice
        ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG]

        Change I/O scheduling class and priority

        Options:

                -c      Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
                -n      Priority

    ip  ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND}

        ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} where OBJECT := {address | route |
        link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link }
        | -o[neline] }

    ipaddr
        ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} [dev STRING] [to
        PREFIX] }

        ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [dev
        STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] IFADDR :=
        PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR] [anycast ADDR] [label
        STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | NUMBER]

    ipcalc
        ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK]

        Calculate IP network settings from a IP address

        Options:

                -b,--broadcast  Display calculated broadcast address
                -n,--network    Display calculated network address
                -m,--netmask    Display default netmask for IP
                -p,--prefix     Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK
                -h,--hostname   Display first resolved host name
                -s,--silent     Don't ever display error messages

    iplink
        iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [DEVICE] }

        iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } |
        dynamic { on | off } | mtu MTU } iplink show [DEVICE]

    iproute
        iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append | replace |
        monitor } ROUTE }

        iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS
        iif STRING] [oif STRING] [tos TOS] iproute { add | del | change |
        append | replace | monitor } ROUTE SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match
        PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] ROUTE := [TYPE] PREFIX [tos TOS] [proto
        RTPROTO] [metric METRIC]

    iprule
        iprule {[list | add | del] RULE}

        iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION SELECTOR := [from PREFIX]
        [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK] [dev STRING] [pref NUMBER]
        ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDRESS] [prohibit | reject |
        unreachable] [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] TABLE_ID := [local | main
        | default | NUMBER]

    iptunnel
        iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip | gre |
        sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]

        iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip | gre |
        sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY]
        [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV]

    kbd_mode
        kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY]

        Report or set the keyboard mode

        Options:

                -a      Default (ASCII)
                -k      Medium-raw (keyboard)
                -s      Raw (scancode)
                -u      Unicode (utf-8)
                -C TTY  Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty

    kill
        kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers

    killall
        killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] process-name...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers
                -q      Don't complain if no processes were killed

    killall5
        killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current
        session

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers
                -o PID  Don't signal this PID

    length
        length STRING

        Print STRING's length

    less
        less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]...

        View a file or list of files. The position within files can be
        changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.

        Options:

                -E      Quit once the end of a file is reached
                -M,-m   Display status line with line numbers
                        and percentage through the file
                -N      Prefix line number to each line
                -I      Ignore case in all searches
                -~      Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file

    ln  ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIR

        Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)

        Options:

                -s      Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
                -f      Remove existing destinations
                -n      Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
                -b      Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
                -S suf  Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files

    loadfont
        loadfont < font

        Load a console font from standard input

    loadkmap
        loadkmap < keymap

        Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input

    logname
        logname

        Print the name of the current user

    losetup
        losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices losetup -d
        LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show

        Options:

                -o OFS  Start OFS bytes into FILE
                -f      Show first free loop device

    ls  ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]...

        List directory contents

        Options:

                -1      List in a single column
                -A      Don't list . and ..
                -a      Don't hide entries starting with .
                -C      List by columns
                -c      With -l: sort by ctime
                --color[={always,never,auto}]   Control coloring
                -d      List directory entries instead of contents
                -e      List full date and time
                -F      Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
                -i      List inode numbers
                -l      Long listing format
                -n      List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
                -p      Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
                -L      List entries pointed to by symlinks
                -R      Recurse
                -r      Sort in reverse order
                -S      Sort by file size
                -s      List the size of each file, in blocks
                -T N    Assume tabstop every N columns
                -t      With -l: sort by modification time
                -u      With -l: sort by access time
                -v      Sort by version
                -w N    Assume the terminal is N columns wide
                -x      List by lines
                -X      Sort by extension
                -h      List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)

    lsattr
        lsattr [-Radlv] [FILE]...

        List file attributes on an ext2 fs

        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -a      Don't hide entries starting with .
                -d      List directory entries instead of contents
                -l      List long flag names
                -v      List the file's version/generation number

    lsmod
        lsmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -r      Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr
                -v      Verbose

    lspci
        lspci [-mk]

        List all PCI devices

                -m      Parseable output
                -k      Show driver

    lzmacat
        lzmacat FILE

        Uncompress to stdout

    makedevs
        makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir

        Create a range of special files as specified in a device table.
        Device table entries take the form of:

        <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count>
        Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d
        Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid
        is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the
        target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to
        device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries.

    md5sum
        md5sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... or: md5sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]

        Print or check MD5 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    mdev
        mdev [-s]

                -s      Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot

        It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: echo
        /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with
        lines [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]

    mesg
        mesg [y|n]

        Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your
        terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal

    microcom
        microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY

        Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout

        Options:

                -d      Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
                        next byte to it
                -t      Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
                -s      Set serial line to SPEED
                -X      Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin

    mkdir
        mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...

        Create DIRECTORY

        Options:

                -m      Mode
                -p      No error if exists; make parent directories as needed

    mkdosfs
        mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a FAT32 filesystem

        Options:

                -v      Verbose
                -n LBL  Volume label

    mke2fs
        mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
        RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

                -b BLK_SIZE     Block size, bytes
                -F              Force
                -i RATIO        Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
                -I BYTES        Inode size (min 128)
                -L LBL          Volume label
                -m PERCENT      Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
                -n              Dry run

    mkfifo
        mkfifo [OPTIONS] name

        Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')

        Options:

                -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)

    mkfs.ext2
        mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
        RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

                -b BLK_SIZE     Block size, bytes
                -F              Force
                -i RATIO        Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
                -I BYTES        Inode size (min 128)
                -L LBL          Volume label
                -m PERCENT      Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
                -n              Dry run

    mkfs.minix
        mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a MINIX filesystem

        Options:

                -c              Check device for bad blocks
                -n [14|30]      Maximum length of filenames
                -i INODES       Number of inodes for the filesystem
                -l FILENAME     Read bad blocks list from FILENAME
                -v              Make version 2 filesystem

    mkfs.vfat
        mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a FAT32 filesystem

        Options:

                -v      Verbose
                -n LBL  Volume label

    mknod
        mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

        Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)

        Options:

                -m      Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
        TYPEs include:

                b:      Make a block device
                c or u: Make a character device
                p:      Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)

    mkswap
        mkswap [OPTIONS] BLOCKDEV

        Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition

        Options:

                -L LBL  Label

    mktemp
        mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]

        Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its
        name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).

        Options:

                -d      Make a directory instead of a file
                -t      Generate a path rooted in temporary directory
                -p DIR  Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)

        For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else
        -p DIR, else /tmp

    modprobe
        modprobe [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -r      Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr
                -v      Verbose

    more
        more [FILE]...

        View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time

    mount
        mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPTS] DEVICE NODE

        Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.

        Options:

                -a              Mount all filesystems in fstab
                -f              Dry run
                -r              Read-only mount
                -w              Read-write mount (default)
                -t FSTYPE       Filesystem type
                -O OPT          Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
        -o OPT:
                loop            Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
                [a]sync         Writes are [a]synchronous
                [no]atime       Disable/enable updates to inode access times
                [no]diratime    Disable/enable atime updates to directories
                [no]relatime    Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
                [no]dev         (Dis)allow use of special device files
                [no]exec        (Dis)allow use of executable files
                [no]suid        (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
                [r]shared       Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
                [r]slave        Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
                [r]private      Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
                [un]bindable    Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
                bind            Bind a file or directory to another location
                move            Relocate an existing mount point
                remount         Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags
                ro/rw           Same as -r/-w

        There are filesystem-specific -o flags.

    mountpoint
        mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE>

        Check if the directory is a mountpoint

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -d      Print major/minor device number of the filesystem
                -n      Print device name of the filesystem
                -x      Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice

    mv  mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST or: mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DIRECTORY

        Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

        Options:

                -f      Don't prompt before overwriting
                -i      Interactive, prompt before overwrite

    nameif
        nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}]

        Rename network interface while it in the down state

        Options:

                -c FILE         Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab)
                -s              Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility)
                IFNAME MACADDR  new_interface_name interface_mac_address

    nc  nc [-iN] [-wN] [-l] [-p PORT] [-f FILENAME|IPADDR PORT] [-e PROG]

        Open a pipe to IP:port or file

        Options:

                -e PROG Run PROG after connect
                -i SEC  Delay interval for lines sent
                -w SEC  Timeout for connect
                -f FILE Use file (ala /dev/ttyS0) instead of network
                -l      Listen mode, for inbound connects
                        (use -l twice with -e for persistent server)
                -p PORT Local port

    netstat
        netstat [-laentuwxrWp]

        Display networking information

        Options:

                -l      Display listening server sockets
                -a      Display all sockets (default: connected)
                -e      Display other/more information
                -n      Don't resolve names
                -t      Tcp sockets
                -u      Udp sockets
                -w      Raw sockets
                -x      Unix sockets
                -r      Display routing table
                -W      Display with no column truncation
                -p      Display PID/Program name for sockets

    nice
        nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG [ARGS]]

        Run PROG with modified scheduling priority

        Options:

                -n ADJUST       Adjust priority by ADJUST

    nmeter
        nmeter format_string

        Monitor system in real time

        Format specifiers:

         %Nc or %[cN]   Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10
                        (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
         %[niface]      Monitor network interface 'iface'
         %m             Monitor allocated memory
         %[mf]          Monitor free memory
         %[mt]          Monitor total memory
         %s             Monitor allocated swap
         %f             Monitor number of used file descriptors
         %Ni            Monitor total/specific IRQ rate
         %x             Monitor context switch rate
         %p             Monitor forks
         %[pn]          Monitor # of processes
         %b             Monitor block io
         %Nt            Show time (with N decimal points)
         %Nd            Milliseconds between updates (default:1000)
         %r             Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL

    nohup
        nohup PROG [ARGS]

        Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

    nslookup
        nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]

        Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally
        using a specified DNS server

    od  od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [FILE]

        Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE
        (or standard input) to standard output.

    openvt
        openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG [ARGS]]

        Start PROG on a new virtual terminal

        Options:

                -c N    Use specified VT
                -s      Switch to the VT
                -w      Wait for PROG to exit

    patch
        patch [OPTIONS] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]

                -p,--strip N    Strip N leading components from file names
                -i,--input DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
                -R,--reverse    Reverse patch
                -N,--forward    Ignore already applied patches
                --dry-run       Don't actually change files

    pgrep
        pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

        Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

        Options:

                -l      Show command name too
                -f      Match against entire command line
                -n      Show the newest process only
                -o      Show the oldest process only
                -v      Negate the match
                -x      Match whole name (not substring)
                -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
                -P      Match parent process ID

    pidof
        pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME...]

        List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs

        Options:

                -s      Show only one PID
                -o PID  Omit given pid
                        Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent

    ping
        ping [OPTIONS] HOST

        Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

        Options:

                -4, -6          Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
                -c CNT          Send only CNT pings
                -s SIZE         Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
                -I IFACE/IP     Use interface or IP address as source
                -W SEC          Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
                                (after all -c CNT packets are sent)
                -w SEC          Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
                                (can exit earlier with -c CNT)
                -q              Quiet, only displays output at start
                                and when finished

    pivot_root
        pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD

        Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the
        new root file system

    pkill
        pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

        Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

        Options:

                -l      List all signals
                -f      Match against entire command line
                -n      Signal the newest process only
                -o      Signal the oldest process only
                -v      Negate the match
                -x      Match whole name (not substring)
                -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
                -P      Match parent process ID

    printenv
        printenv [VARIABLE...]

        Print all or part of environment. If no environment VARIABLE
        specified, print them all.

    printf
        printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]

        Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT
        controls the output exactly as in C printf

    ps  ps

        Report process status

        Options:

                w       Wide output

    pscan
        pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT]
        HOST

        Scan a host, print all open ports

        Options:

                -c      Show closed ports too
                -b      Show blocked ports too
                -p      Scan from this port (default 1)
                -P      Scan up to this port (default 1024)
                -t      Timeout (default 5000 ms)
                -T      Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)

    pwd pwd

        Print the full filename of the current working directory

    rdate
        rdate [-sp] HOST

        Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST

        Options:

                -s      Set the system date and time (default)
                -p      Print the date and time

    rdev
        rdev

        Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'

    readlink
        readlink [-fnv] FILE

        Display the value of a symlink

        Options:

                -f      Canonicalize by following all symlinks
                -n      Don't add newline
                -v      Verbose

    readprofile
        readprofile [OPTIONS]

        Options:

                -m mapfile      (Default: /boot/System.map)
                -p profile      (Default: /proc/profile)
                -M mult         Set the profiling multiplier to mult
                -i              Print only info about the sampling step
                -v              Verbose
                -a              Print all symbols, even if count is 0
                -b              Print individual histogram-bin counts
                -s              Print individual counters within functions
                -r              Reset all the counters (root only)
                -n              Disable byte order auto-detection

    realpath
        realpath pathname...

        Return the absolute pathnames of given argument

    renice
        renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...]

        Change priority of running processes

        Options:

                -n      Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster)
                -p      Process id(s) (default)
                -g      Process group id(s)
                -u      Process user name(s) and/or id(s)

    reset
        reset

        Reset the screen

    resize
        resize

        Resize the screen

    rm  rm [OPTIONS] FILE...

        Remove (unlink) FILEs

        Options:

                -i      Always prompt before removing
                -f      Never prompt
                -R,-r   Recurse

    rmdir
        rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...

        Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty

        Options:

                -p|--parents    Include parents
                --ignore-fail-on-non-empty

    rmmod
        rmmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -r      Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr
                -v      Verbose

    route
        route [{add|del|delete}]

        Edit kernel routing tables

        Options:

                -n      Don't resolve names
                -e      Display other/more information
                -A inet Select address family

    rtcwake
        rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME]

        Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time

                -a,--auto       Read clock mode from adjtime
                -l,--local      Clock is set to local time
                -u,--utc        Clock is set to UTC time
                -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device
                -m,--mode=MODE  Set the sleep state (default: standby)
                -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now
                -t,--time=TIME  Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch

    rx  rx FILE

        Receive a file using the xmodem protocol

    script
        script [-afq] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]

        Options:

                -a      Append output
                -c      Run PROG, not shell
                -f      Flush output after each write
                -q      Quiet

    sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]...

        Options:

                -e CMD  Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
                -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
                -i      Edit files in-place (else sends result to stdout)
                -n      Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
                -r      Use extended regex syntax

        If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command
        string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).

    seq seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST

        Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC
        default to 1

        Options:

                -w      Pad to last with leading zeros
                -s SEP  String separator

    setarch
        setarch personality program [args...]

        Personality may be:

                linux32         Set 32bit uname emulation
                linux64         Set 64bit uname emulation

    setconsole
        setconsole [-r|--reset] [DEVICE]

        Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)

        Options:

                -r      Reset output to /dev/console

    setfont
        setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY]

        Load a console font

        Options:

                -m MAPFILE      Load console screen map
                -C TTY          Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty

    setkeycodes
        setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE...

        Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing
        unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.

        SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is
        given in decimal

    setlogcons
        setlogcons N

        Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)

    setsid
        setsid PROG [ARG...]

        Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal
        and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See
        setsid(2) for details.

    setuidgid
        setuidgid account prog args

        Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all supplementary
        groups and run PROG

    sha1sum
        sha1sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... or: sha1sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]

        Print or check SHA1 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    sha256sum
        sha256sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... or: sha256sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]

        Print or check SHA256 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    sha512sum
        sha512sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... or: sha512sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]

        Print or check SHA512 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    showkey
        showkey [-a | -k | -s]

        Show keys pressed

        Options:

                -a      Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys
                -k      Display interpreted keycodes (default)
                -s      Display raw scan-codes

    slattach
        slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED] [-p PROTOCOL] DEVICE

        Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)

        Options:

                -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive)
                -s SPD  Set line speed
                -e      Exit after initializing device
                -h      Exit when the carrier is lost
                -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up
                -m      Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode
                -L      Enable 3-wire operation
                -F      Disable RTS/CTS flow control

    sleep
        sleep [N]...

        Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each
        arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or
        (d)ays

    softlimit
        softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] [-f
        BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS

        Set soft resource limits, then run PROG

        Options:

                -a BYTES        Limit total size of all segments
                -m BYTES        Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES
                -d BYTES        Limit data segment
                -s BYTES        Limit stack segment
                -l BYTES        Limit locked memory size
                -o N            Limit number of open files per process
                -p N            Limit number of processes per uid
        Options controlling file sizes:

                -f BYTES        Limit output file sizes
                -c BYTES        Limit core file size
        Efficiency opts:

                -r BYTES        Limit resident set size
                -t N            Limit CPU time, process receives
                                a SIGXCPU after N seconds

    sort
        sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k
        start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...

        Sort lines of text

        Options:

                -b      Ignore leading blanks
                -c      Check whether input is sorted
                -d      Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
                -f      Ignore case
                -g      General numerical sort
                -i      Ignore unprintable characters
                -k      Sort key
                -M      Sort month
                -n      Sort numbers
                -o      Output to file
                -k      Sort by key
                -t CHAR Key separator
                -r      Reverse sort order
                -s      Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
                -u      Suppress duplicate lines
                -z      Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
                -mST    Ignored for GNU compatibility

    split
        split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]

        Options:

                -b n[k|m]       Split by bytes
                -l n            Split by lines
                -a n            Use n letters as suffix

    stat
        stat [OPTIONS] FILE...

        Display file (default) or filesystem status

        Options:

                -c fmt  Use the specified format
                -f      Display filesystem status
                -L      Follow links
                -t      Display info in terse form

        Valid format sequences for files:

         %a     Access rights in octal
         %A     Access rights in human readable form
         %b     Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
         %B     The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
         %d     Device number in decimal
         %D     Device number in hex
         %f     Raw mode in hex
         %F     File type
         %g     Group ID of owner
         %G     Group name of owner
         %h     Number of hard links
         %i     Inode number
         %n     File name
         %N     File name, with -> TARGET if symlink
         %o     I/O block size
         %s     Total size, in bytes
         %t     Major device type in hex
         %T     Minor device type in hex
         %u     User ID of owner
         %U     User name of owner
         %x     Time of last access
         %X     Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
         %y     Time of last modification
         %Y     Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
         %z     Time of last change
         %Z     Time of last change as seconds since Epoch

        Valid format sequences for file systems:

         %a     Free blocks available to non-superuser
         %b     Total data blocks in file system
         %c     Total file nodes in file system
         %d     Free file nodes in file system
         %f     Free blocks in file system
         %i     File System ID in hex
         %l     Maximum length of filenames
         %n     File name
         %s     Block size (for faster transfer)
         %S     Fundamental block size (for block counts)
         %t     Type in hex
         %T     Type in human readable form

    strings
        strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]...

        Display printable strings in a binary file

        Options:

                -a      Scan whole file (default)
                -f      Precede strings with filenames
                -n LEN  At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
                -o      Precede strings with decimal offsets

    stty
        stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...

        Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations
        from stty sane

        Options:

                -F DEVICE       Open device instead of stdin
                -a              Print all current settings in human-readable form
                -g              Print in stty-readable form
                [SETTING]       See manpage

    sum sum [-rs] [FILE]...

        Checksum and count the blocks in a file

        Options:

                -r      Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
                -s      Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)

    swapoff
        swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]

        Stop swapping on DEVICE

        Options:

                -a      Stop swapping on all swap devices

    swapon
        swapon [-a] [-p PRI] [DEVICE]

        Start swapping on DEVICE

        Options:

                -a      Start swapping on all swap devices
                -p PRI  Set swap device priority

    switch_root
        switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]

        Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:

        chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute
        NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.

        Options:

                -c DEV  Reopen stdio to DEV after switch

    sync
        sync

        Write all buffered blocks to disk

    sysctl
        sysctl [OPTIONS] [VALUE]...

        Configure kernel parameters at runtime

        Options:

                -n      Don't print key names
                -e      Don't warn about unknown keys
                -w      Change sysctl setting
                -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
                -a      Display all values
                -A      Display all values in table form

    tac tac [FILE]...

        Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse

    tail
        tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or standard input) to standard
        output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving
        the file name.

        Options:

                -c N[kbm]       Output last N bytes
                -n N[kbm]       Print last N lines instead of last 10
                -f              Output data as the file grows
                -q              Never output headers giving file names
                -s SEC          Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
                -v              Always output headers giving file names

        If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins
        with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the
        last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b
        (x512), or m (1024^2).

    tar tar -[cxtzjaZmvO] [-X FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]...

        Create, extract, or list files from a tar file

        Options:

                c       Create
                x       Extract
                t       List
        Archive format selection:

                z       Filter the archive through gzip
                j       Filter the archive through bzip2
                a       Filter the archive through lzma
                Z       Filter the archive through compress
                m       Do not restore mtime
        File selection:

                f       Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin
                O       Extract to stdout
                exclude File to exclude
                X       File with names to exclude
                C       Change to DIR before operation
                v       Verbose

    tee tee [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output

        Options:

                -a      Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite
                -i      Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)

    telnet
        telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]

        Connect to telnet server

        Options:

                -a      Automatic login with $USER variable
                -l USER Automatic login as USER

    test
        test EXPRESSION ]

        Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code
        depending on logical value of EXPRESSION

    tftp
        tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]

        Transfer a file from/to tftp server

        Options:

                -l FILE Local FILE
                -r FILE Remote FILE
                -g      Get file
                -p      Put file
                -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets

    time
        time [OPTIONS] PROG [ARGS]

        Run PROG. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.

        Options:

                -v      Verbose

    timeout
        timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG [ARGS]

        Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.
        Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.

    top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] [-m]

        Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of
        all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show the status for
        however many processes will fit on the screen.

    touch
        touch [-c] [-d DATE] FILE [FILE]...

        Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]

        Options:

                -c      Don't create files
                -d DT   Date/time to use

    tr  tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

        Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
        writing to standard output

        Options:

                -c      Take complement of STRING1
                -d      Delete input characters coded STRING1
                -s      Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

    traceroute
        traceroute [-FIldnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES]
        [-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-g GATEWAY] [-i IFACE] [-z
        PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]

        Trace the route to HOST

        Options:

                -F      Set the don't fragment bit
                -I      Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
                -l      Display the ttl value of the returned packet
                -d      Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
                -n      Print numeric addresses
                -r      Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
                -v      Verbose
                -m      Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
                -p      Base UDP port number used in probes
                        (default 33434)
                -q      Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3)
                -s      IP address to use as the source address
                -t      Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
                -w      Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)
                -g      Loose source route gateway (8 max)

    true
        true

        Return an exit code of TRUE (0)

    tty tty

        Print file name of standard input's terminal

        Options:

                -s      Print nothing, only return exit status

    ttysize
        ttysize [w] [h]

        Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return
        80x25

    tune2fs
        tune2fs [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV

        Adjust filesystem options on ext[23] filesystems

    umount
        umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY

        Unmount file systems

        Options:

                -a      Unmount all file systems
                -r      Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
                -l      Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
                -f      Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
                -d      Free loop device if it has been used

    uname
        uname [-amnrspv]

        Print system information

        Options:

                -a      Print all
                -m      The machine (hardware) type
                -n      Hostname
                -r      OS release
                -s      OS name (default)
                -p      Processor type
                -v      OS version

    uncompress
        uncompress [-c] [-f] [FILE...]

        Uncompress .Z file[s]

        Options:

                -c      Extract to stdout
                -f      Overwrite an existing file

    unexpand
        unexpand [-f][-a][-t N] [FILE|-]

        Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output

        Options:

                -a,--all        Convert all blanks
                -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks
                -t,--tabs=N     Tabstops every N chars

    uniq
        uniq [-fscduw]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

        Discard duplicate lines

        Options:

                -c      Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
                -d      Only print duplicate lines
                -u      Only print unique lines
                -f N    Skip first N fields
                -s N    Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
                -w N    Compare N characters in line

    unix2dos
        unix2dos [OPTIONS] [FILE]

        Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is
        given, use stdin/stdout.

        Options:

                -u      dos2unix
                -d      unix2dos

    unlzma
        unlzma [OPTIONS] [FILE]

        Uncompress FILE (or standard input)

        Options:

                -c      Write to standard output
                -f      Force

    unzip
        unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]

        Extract files from ZIP archives

        Options:

                -l      List archive contents (with -q for short form)
                -n      Never overwrite existing files (default)
                -o      Overwrite files without prompting
                -p      Send output to stdout
                -q      Quiet
                -x      Exclude these files
                -d      Extract files into this directory

    uptime
        uptime

        Display the time since the last boot

    usleep
        usleep N

        Pause for N microseconds

    uudecode
        uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]

        Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is
        given

    uuencode
        uuencode [-m] [INFILE] STORED_FILENAME

        Uuencode a file to stdout

        Options:

                -m      Use base64 encoding per RFC1521

    vconfig
        vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]

        Create and remove virtual ethernet devices

        Options:

                add             [interface-name] [vlan_id]
                rem             [vlan-name]
                set_flag        [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1]
                set_egress_map  [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
                set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
                set_name_type   [name-type]

    vi  vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Edit FILE

        Options:

                -c      Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
                -R      Read-only
                -H      Short help regarding available features

    watch
        watch [-n seconds] [-t] PROG [ARGS]

        Run PROG periodically

        Options:

                -n      Loop period in seconds (default 2)
                -t      Don't print header

    watchdog
        watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV

        Periodically write to watchdog device DEV

        Options:

                -T N    Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
                -t N    Reset every N seconds (default 30)
                -F      Run in foreground

        Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds

    wc  wc [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if
        more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.

        Options:

                -c      Print the byte counts
                -l      Print the newline counts
                -L      Print the length of the longest line
                -w      Print the word counts

    wget
        wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet]
        [-O|--output-document file] [--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy
        on/off] [-P DIR] [-U|--user-agent agent] url

        Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP

        Options:

                -s      Spider mode - only check file existence
                -c      Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
                -q      Quiet
                -P      Set directory prefix to DIR
                -O      Save to filename ('-' for stdout)
                -U      Adjust 'User-Agent' field
                -Y      Use proxy ('on' or 'off')

    which
        which [COMMAND]...

        Locate a COMMAND

    who who [-a]

        Show who is logged on

        Options:

                -a      show all

    whoami
        whoami

        Print the user name associated with the current effective user id

    xargs
        xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG [ARGS]]

        Run PROG on every item given by standard input

        Options:

                -p      Ask user whether to run each command
                -r      Don't run command if input is empty
                -0      Input is separated by NUL characters
                -t      Print the command on stderr before execution
                -e[STR] STR stops input processing
                -n N    Pass no more than N args to PROG
                -s N    Pass command line of no more than N bytes
                -x      Exit if size is exceeded

    yes yes [OPTIONS] [STRING]

        Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'

    zcat
        zcat FILE

        Uncompress to stdout

LIBC NSS
    GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
    behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
    how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This
    is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using
    one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using
    any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login
    and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.

    If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions
    to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files
    without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the
    need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.

    When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
    require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
    particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
    and /lib/libresolv*).

    Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
    uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc
    does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.

MAINTAINER
    Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>

AUTHORS
    The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
    it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
    probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If
    you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
    needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.

    Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> run-parts

    Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>

        Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
        core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
        Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
        nobody is going to actually read.

    Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>

        rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm

    Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>

        ftpput, ftpget

    Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>

        expr, hostid, logname, whoami

    John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>

        du, nslookup, sort

    Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

        tiny-ls(ls)

    Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

        fbset, ping, hostname

    Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

        more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
        various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance

    Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>

        ipcalc

    Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>

        tftp client insmod powerpc support

    Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>

        pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.

    Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>

        httpd

    Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>

        Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
        logread), various fixes.

    Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

        cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.

    Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>

        mktemp.c

    Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>

        documentation, bugfixes, test suite

    Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>

        ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence

    John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

        tr

    Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>

        Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
        nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
        Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.

    Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>

        cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
        mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
        get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines

        also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
        ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
        mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
        interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route

    Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>

        cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
        ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
        locale, various fixes
        and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.

    Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>

        Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
        still be found hiding here and there...

    Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>

        bug fixes, member of fan club

    Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>

        reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.

    Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>

        wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications

    Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

        Lots of bugs fixes and patches.

    Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>

        Remote logging feature for syslogd

    Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

        mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix

    Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>

        grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
        style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.

    Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

        gzip, mini-netcat(nc)

    Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

        tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance

    Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>

        devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.

